State and Class in Turkey: A Study in Capitalist Development

activity administrative agrarian structure agricultural Alevi Anatolia Ankara Armenian attempt autonomy ayans became bourgeois bureaucracy bureaucratic class capitalist cent central authority centre characterised conflict constituted crisis Çukurova decline despite domestic dominant economic policy especially established ethnic European export external fascist favour foreign capital foreign exchange Free Party functionaries gecekondu German Greek groups growth History ideological import substitution Inalcık income increased industrial bourgeoisie industrialisation inputs integration internal market investment Islamic Istanbul Izmir Kemalist Keyder labour land manufacturing mechanism merchant capital merchants migration military million mobilisation Moslem movement nationalist nineteenth century non-Moslem organisation Ottoman Empire party peasantry peasants period petty bourgeoisie petty producers political population populist privileged production profit protection reform regime religious remained remittances rule sector shanty town sharecropping social structure society status Sultan surplus taxes tion trade transformation Turkey Turkey's Turkish urban villages wages workers Young Turks