Motivation: Theories and Issues

According acquire acquisition activity amount animal appears appetitive approach associations assumed assumption aversive avoidance becomes behavior centers Chapter classical conditioning complete conceptualized conditioned consistent construct consummatory decrease deprivation determined discussed drive drive stimuli eating effects ejaculation elicit evidence example expectancy experiment explain extinction fear feeding female food deprivation frustration function given goal box greater habit hence hormones Hull Hull's important incentive increase inhibition instinct instrumental response interpretation lead learning less magnitude male motivation nature nonreward noted object occur operant organism pattern performance physiological predict present Press probability produce Psychology punishment rats received reduction reinforcement relationship resistance to extinction response reward rg-Sg running runway sexual shock situation specific stimuli strength success suggested task theory tion Tolman's trials turn valence variables vigor